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While its overexpression is associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species resulting in cell death [ 136 139 ]

LL-37-based therapies are being explored in wound healing, infectious diseases, and immune-related disorders (Pena et al., 2014)

In a 2022 study published in The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 31 men with hypogonadal or low testosterone symptoms received hCG monotherapy

Extra caution is appropriate in patients with active cancer, recent cancer, unexplained masses, unexplained weight loss, pregnancy, breastfeeding, known allergy to peptide products, active infection, immune compromise, significant liver or kidney disease, active inflammatory or autoimmune disease flares, unusual clotting history, uncontrolled cardiovascular disease, use of chemotherapy or immune-modifying biologic therapy, and competitive athletes subject to anti-doping rules